Research is underway to determine how salt marshes and mangroves could protect Bay of Plenty’s coastline from climate change – and how a ‘resilience credit’ could be bought and sold in future to encourage wetland restoration.

The project at Waihī Estuary is being led by The Nature Conservancy Aotearoa New Zealand (TNC NZ), the local arm of a global non-profit organisation that is developing a methodology to measure the resilience benefits of coastal wetlands, and gather data on blue carbon (the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems).

TNC NZ’s Nature-based Solutions Project Manager, Olya Albot, says the ultimate goal is to develop the world’s first ‘resilience credit’, similar to a carbon credit, that encourages action to restore wetlands, and could also be traded to help offset an organisation or individual’s carbon footprint and help local communities fund climate change adaptation.

“We’re investigating coastal resilience because these environments are becoming more exposed to the impacts of climate change, such as increased storm surge, cyclones and sea level rise in the long-term. Coastal land is becoming more vulnerable as time goes on,” Albot explains.

Potentially, money earned from trading resilience and/or blue carbon credits in a possible future international market could then be put towards creating or restoring more wetlands, enabling Kiwi landowners to move economic activities away from vulnerable land, earn ongoing income, and protect coastal sites from climate change.

The blue carbon coastal resilience mapping project will receive $35,000 from BayTrust to help quantify what impact wetlands could have on flooding and storm surges near Waihī Estuary.

Two-dimensional hydrological models are being used to investigate how water would potentially flow over the area with or without salt marshes and mangroves.

“We’re trying to quantify exactly how much water wetlands could hold back in the event of a storm surge, as well as how many hectares of land, how many people, and the value of infrastructure that could be protected by wetlands,” she says.

Blue carbon research is underway at this site near Waihi Estuary.

The research is being carried out on a 30ha site of low-lying farmland which is jointly owned by Toi Moana Bay of Plenty Regional Council and iwi collective Te Wahapū o Waihī.

Their aim is to improve the ecological health of Waihī Estuary by redeveloping the wetland area to treat agricultural drainage water from adjacent dairy farms, as well as improve indigenous wetland habitat and biodiversity.

Albot says Bay of Plenty is an ideal case study environment because there is almost 4000ha of land that sits below the mean high water spring inundation levels – meaning there’s lots of land suitable for wetland restoration.

“We are extremely grateful to BayTrust for their support which will help us achieve this coastal resilience modelling and communicate to Bay of Plenty communities what the coastal resilience benefits of these wetland restoration projects might be in the future.”

BayTrust CEO Alastair Rhodes says the organisation supported TNC NZ a few years ago with a grant to carry out their initial pre-feasibility assessment.

“We’re excited to continue this journey alongside TNC NZ who are now gathering hard data at Waihī Estuary.

“In New Zealand over 90% of freshwater and coastal wetlands have been degraded and drained due to urban expansion and conversion to agriculture. Restoring wetlands will benefit people, the climate, biodiversity, and provide positive social and cultural outcomes as well, so we’re pleased to support this vital research.

“The potential for companies or individuals being able to buy and sell resilience and blue carbon credits is an exciting prospect, and this research will support the possible establishment of a robust international trading market in this space.”

TNC NZ is also working with the Ministry for the Environment to assess the legal, policy and market considerations required to establish a national blue carbon credit scheme focussed on coastal wetlands.

Waihi Estuary future wetland site.